【Hacker News搬运】佩内洛普·菲茨杰拉德是如何成为一位晚成小说家的
-
Title: How Penelope Fitzgerald became a late blooming novelist
佩内洛普·菲茨杰拉德是如何成为一位晚成小说家的
Text:
Url: https://www.commonreader.co.uk/p/how-penelope-fitzgerald-became-a
Penelope Fitzgerald是一位天才小说家,她在1980年代和1990年代创作了一些20世纪最伟大的小说。她于1979年获得布克奖,并在1998年获得美国国家书评人协会奖。菲茨杰拉德原本被期待成为一名神童,她是Knox家族的一员,这个家族由作家、思想家、密码破解者和牧师组成。尽管如此,她的第一本书是在58岁时出版的,这成为了她生活中的一个巨大谜团。 关于她为何如此晚才开始写作,有两种基本解释。第一种是男性因素:她的丈夫在情感和财务上都是个障碍。他的酗酒、在法律界的失败生涯以及因为追债而导致的动荡生活,使得菲茨杰拉德几乎没有时间和精力去写作。第二种解释是她实际上并不是一个晚辈。批评家们指出她在童年时写的故事、为《泰晤士文学增刊》写的匿名评论、她可能为德斯蒙德的爱尔兰卫队历史做出的贡献,以及她和德斯蒙德一起创办的文学杂志。她早期的四篇短篇小说中有两篇是在她还是个孩子的时候写的,两篇是在1950年代她是个母亲的时候写的。 菲茨杰拉德的作品深深植根于她的个人生活。她的早期作品,如《书店》、《离岸》、《弗雷迪的孩子们》和《人类之声》,都有明显的个人生活根源。尽管后来的作品是基于大量的研究,但它们与她生活和早期作品之间仍有明显的共鸣,例如《春天的开始》中婚姻的状况,或者《书店》中首次出现的物质主义的讨论。菲茨杰拉德相信鬼魂的存在,并且是一个安静但深刻的宗教人士。她的生活被转化为艺术。即使是那些晚期的作品,菲茨杰拉德的生活经历也是必不可少的。她无法在年轻时写出这些作品。 菲茨杰拉德在一次访谈中做出了一个通常被认为是隐晦的评论,但我们可以将其视为一个简单的事实陈述,几乎是一个双重骗局:“我认为你可以在一生中的任何时候写作。”尽管有其他解释菲茨杰拉德晚期的原因,但我们现在开始认真对待这一解释是时候了。她的才能在晚年绽放得最好。批评家们常常认为她的公开声明是一种姿态:她假装成一个老英格兰女士,而不是一个钢铁般的天才小说家。实际上,她两者都是。为什么这些身份必须是不兼容的?菲茨杰拉德继承了她父亲和叔叔在伊顿学到的谦虚文化。这不仅仅是一个幌子。她告诉彼得·伦纳德,当他在1998年指责她谦虚时,“所有的谦虚都被认为是虚假的谦虚……我真的不认为这是谦虚,我认为这是一种性情,你觉得你是生活中的赢家还是输家。”伦纳德决定像“谦虚”这样的标签是不够的。相反,他说她有一种“警觉的姿势”。 菲茨杰拉德的生活充满了欧洲文化的沉浸。德斯蒙德被取消律师资格后成为一名旅行社职员,她开始参加他可以为他们预订的包价假期。他们坐在歌剧院的屋顶上,带着自己的三明治。作为一名教师,她最钦佩并反复阅读的书是像詹姆斯·乔伊斯的《艺术家年轻时的画像》这样的作品。从菲茨杰拉德的注释教学书中,李可以了解到菲茨杰拉德第二次、终身的教育细节。这种长期积累的知识与她的童年和牛津教育是分开的,并且是解释“她是如何做到的?”这个问题的一个重要部分。如果我们想理解她是如何创造出像温迪·莱塞所说的她后期作品的“德国性”和“俄罗斯性”,我们必须看看她作为一名教师、学生和旅行者的生活,而不仅仅是作为一个被压迫的妻子的才华。这两个故事都是真实的。 菲茨杰拉德不应该被假设为如果不是家庭生活的要求,这些小说就已经准备好了。我们也不应该解释蒙田之所以在那时开始写作,是因为世界在他成为公务员之前一直让他忙碌。他们花在生活上的时间是他们成为伟大作家的一个重要部分。其他解释略微忽略了菲茨杰拉德和德斯蒙德都是命运多舛的人,他们只是不擅长生活。 最终,对她小说最大的影响是她只能通过经验学到的东西。谁知道,如果她是一个神童,她可能不会那么好。正如她在《离岸》中所写:“不被需要是一种积极的状况。”温迪·莱塞在评论《天使之门》时得出结论,认为认为“我们是谁和我们发生的事情只有一个解释”是一个错误。 现在是将这个教训应用到菲茨杰拉德自己的生活的时候了。
Post by: lermontov
Comments:
dhosek: I was 45 when I had my first fiction published and I’ve published at least one story a year since then (although there have been years that it’s felt like I just barely met that goal). I think my MFA thesis advisor assigned Fitzgerald to me as a role model of a late-in-life writer (it’s amusing to think of my then-45-year-old self as “old” a decade later). But like Fitzgerald, it’s not like I wasn’t writing before. I’ve written my whole life and while I took multiple extended breaks from sending things out and I have notebooks full of unfinished stories, I still wrote and after really pushing myself back into writing (and more importantly, <i>finishing</i>) when I was coming up on 40 years old and subsequently pursuing an MFA to further polish my craft, I managed to get that first bit of external validation in the form of a published story (one which was paid, and in print). The seeking of validation is a bit brutal and soul-crushing (at best I’ve gotten 1 acceptance for 25 rejections, overall it’s more like 49 rejections for each acceptance), but as W. P. Kinsella said, it’s not the publishing that makes a writer, but the writing.<p>And a bit more apropos of the article, I’d add that to a large extent, I think that the 45 years of life leading up to my first publication were a big part of what made me able to write something worth publishing.
dhosek: 我45岁时出版了第一部小说,从那以后,我每年至少出版一个故事(尽管多年来我感觉自己几乎没有达到这个目标)。我想我的MFA论文顾问把菲茨杰拉德作为一个晚年作家的榜样交给了我(十年后,把当时45岁的自己想象成“老”,这很有趣)。但就像菲茨杰拉德一样,我以前并不是没有写作。我写了一辈子的书,虽然我多次暂停发送东西,我的笔记本上写满了未完成的故事,但我仍然在写作,在我40岁的时候,我真的重新投入写作(更重要的是,<I>完成</I>),并随后获得了MFA,以进一步完善我的写作技巧,我设法以出版故事的形式获得了第一点外部验证(一个付费的、印刷的故事)。寻求认可有点残酷和令人心碎(我最多25次被拒绝就有1次被接受,总的来说,每次被拒绝更像是49次),但正如W·P·金塞拉所说,不是出版造就了作家,而是写作<p> 关于这篇文章,我想补充一点,在很大程度上,我认为在我第一次出版之前的45年生活是我能够写一些值得出版的东西的重要原因。
DoreenMichele: The article indicates that she likely ghostwrote a piece published under her husband's name during the period when many feel she "wasn't writing." I am reminded of the plot for the biopic <i>Collette</i> about a French writer whose initial success was from works published under her husband's name.<p>In the biopic <i>Out of Africa</i>, Karen Blixen is portrayed as learning to tell stories orally to her nieces and later her guests. The man who later becomes her lover gifts her a pen and tells her both "we pay our storytellers here" and "write them down sometime."<p>Blixen was a socialite who was able to access family money by marrying her "lover's brother." When they divorced, she was sterile from syphilis contracted from her unfaithful husband who slept around casually and probably couldn't use marriage and family inheritance a second time as a means to support herself.<p>She also published some of her works under a male name. And I read a piece called <i>Homme de Plume</i> on Jezebel that told the story of a woman writer submitting her work to publishers under a male name and getting much more positive feedback for the exact same manuscript.<p>So gender discrimination is certainly real, but I'm a woman and I don't see getting a sex change operation to fix my issues. Some women downplay their gender by using initials, like JK Rowling.<p>But the thing that interests me is the pieces I might control in some way on my end. Both Penelope Fitzgerald and Karen Blixen appear to have had no ambition initially. They both appear to have been content to try to make life work financially by being <i>wives</i>, the role society expected of them, and it seems likely they only sought to develop a career as paid writers when it became clear they couldn't make life work via that means.<p>I think women get generally inculcated from birth with the idea that a "successful" woman living The Good Life is a woman who <i>married well</i> and had kids and put her husband's career and children's welfare first. Career women tend to get vilified as bad mothers and seem to divorce frequently, possibly because if a woman has sufficient income she doesn't need to try to <i>make</i> a bad marriage work.<p>So I think women tend to lack mental models men seem to be inculcated with and this seems to be a separate issue from the much more readily recognized issue of gender discrimination.<p>No clue how to fix it. It doesn't seem to be part of the public discourse and seems unlikely to ever become so.
DoreenMichele: 这篇文章表明,她很可能代写了一篇以她丈夫的名义发表的文章;她的名字在许多人觉得她“;不是;t写作";我想起了传记电影<I>Collette</I>的情节,该片讲述了一位法国作家的最初成功来自于她丈夫;的名字<p> 在传记电影《走出非洲》中,凯伦·布利森被描绘成学会向她的侄女和后来的客人口头讲故事。后来成为她的情人的男人送给她一支钢笔,并告诉她两个“;我们在这里付钱给讲故事的人";以及“;找个时间把它们写下来"<p> Blixen是一位社交名媛,她能够通过嫁给她来获得家庭资金;情人;的兄弟";当他们离婚时,她因不忠的丈夫感染的梅毒而不育,丈夫睡得很随便,可能无法忍受;Don’不要再利用婚姻和家庭遗产来养活自己<p> 她还以男性的名义出版了一些作品。我读了一篇关于杰泽贝尔的文章,名为《赞美诗》,讲述了一位女作家以男性的名义向出版商提交作品,并对同一份手稿获得了更多积极的反馈<p> 所以性别歧视当然是真实存在的,但我;我是个女人,我不喜欢;我不想做变性手术来解决我的问题。一些女性使用缩写来淡化自己的性别,比如JK罗琳<p> 但我感兴趣的是我可能会以某种方式控制自己的部分。佩内洛普·菲茨杰拉德和凯伦·布利森起初似乎都没有雄心壮志。他们似乎都满足于通过成为<i>妻子</i>来让生活在经济上运转,这是社会对他们的期望,而且他们似乎只是在很明显他们做不到的时候才寻求发展一份有偿作家的职业;Don’不要用那种方法使生活正常<p> 我认为,女性通常从出生起就被灌输这样一种观念:;“成功”;过着美好生活的女人是一个<i>结婚很好</i>并有孩子的女人;她的事业和孩子;’s福利第一。职业女性往往会被丑化为坏妈妈,而且似乎经常离婚,这可能是因为如果一个女人有足够的收入,她就没有;我不需要试图让</i>成为一个糟糕的婚姻。所以我认为女性往往缺乏男性灌输的心理模式,这似乎是一个与更容易被认可的性别歧视问题不同的问题<p> 不知道如何修复它;这似乎不是公共话语的一部分,也不太可能成为这样。
****:
****: