【Hacker News搬运】国产6GHz脉冲压缩雷达
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Title: Homemade 6 GHz pulse compression radar
国产6GHz脉冲压缩雷达
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Url: https://hforsten.com/homemade-6-ghz-pulse-compression-radar.html
这篇文章讨论了作者使用快速数字信号处理构建现代脉冲雷达的经历。该雷达采用了FMCW和脉冲雷达架构，后者在设计上更具挑战性，但适用于长距离应用的性能更佳。系统需要快速的ADC和DAC，FPGA用于准确产生脉冲和管理数据。文章还涵盖了RF部件的设计，包括IQ调制器、IQ解调器、PLL、功率放大器、低噪声放大器和开关。雷达的最大检测范围可以通过计算发射机的平均功率、脉冲长度、天线增益和目标的雷达截面来得出。 文章描述了一个利用天线增益、波长和接收功率来检测目标的雷达系统。系统使用多个接收脉冲来增加功率，并使用FFT将移动目标的功率分离出来。最大检测范围受接收机噪声限制，最小可检测信号应高于噪声基准一定量。文章还讨论了系统的实际实现，包括PCB设计、DDR3布线、传输线终端、电源和Ethernet和JTAG连接。最后，强调了雷达系统中时钟信号准确同步的重要性。 文章描述了使用Xilinx Zynq-7020 FPGA设计的雷达系统的设计和测试。该系统从单个晶体生成多个时钟，并使用ADC和DAC接口、脉冲定时电路和LVDS接收器来发送和接收信号。FPGA编程以处理信号，包括接收样本的滤波和降采样。带有和不带天线的系统进行了测试，并使用范围-多普勒处理和CFAR算法对目标进行检测。文章还讨论了与PA噪声泄漏和ADC/DAC不平衡相关的问题，并提出了可能的解决方案。最后，文章描述了使用卡尔曼滤波进行雷达目标跟踪。 文本描述了一个能够使用5.8 GHz RF频率和12 µs脉冲重复间隔跟踪移动物体的DIY雷达系统。不模糊的速度测量范围从-1077 m/s到+1077 m/s，多普勒速度分辨率为2.1 m/s。雷达系统使用一个天线、脉冲压缩和低IF脉冲来检测近距离的物体。雷达可以检测到400米远的汽车，但由于视线和直流偏置导致大的旁瓣，存在局限性。雷达系统的成本为330美元用于PCB制造和组装，以及240美元用于组件。设计的雷达在数字信号处理和最大不模糊目标多普勒速度方面与现代大型雷达相似。Post by: henrikf
Comments:
jcims: I remember this article from the same site a while back - <a href="https://hforsten.com/heartbeat-detection-with-radar.html" rel="nofollow">https://hforsten.com/heartbeat-detection-with-radar.html</a><p>I bought some cheap 10ghz and 24ghz dopper radar units off of amazon and started tinkering with them. You can absolutely pick up heartbeats and breathing just visually in the spectrogram.<p>Here's a few samples from that era:<p>10ghz pointed at ceiling fan:<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIiFvByf1CQ" rel="nofollow">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIiFvByf1CQ</a><p>10ghz pointed straight up underneath a quarter that I flipped and allowed to land on the surface<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8riretP8ylE" rel="nofollow">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8riretP8ylE</a><p>10ghz pointed at a quarter spin on the surface<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lnYvJoxRak" rel="nofollow">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lnYvJoxRak</a><p>The comb filtering of the signal from the spinning surface is really cool.<p>10ghz module on amazon - <a href="https://www.amazon.com/HiLetgo-Microwave-Detector-Wireless-10-525GHz/dp/B01N6AIF1L" rel="nofollow">https://www.amazon.com/HiLetgo-Microwave-Detector-Wireless-1...</a>
jcims: 我记得不久前在同一网站上发表的这篇文章-<a href=“https://；/；hforsten.com/，用雷达检测心跳.html”rel=“nofollow”>https:///；hforsten.com/；我从亚马逊上买了一些便宜的10ghz和24ghz dopper雷达设备，并开始对它们进行修补。你完全可以在声谱图中直观地看到心跳和呼吸<p> 这里；这是那个时代的一些样本：<p>10ghz指向吊扇：<p><a href=“https://；/；www.youtube.com/？watch？v=tIFvByf1CQ”rel=“nofollow”>https:///；www.youtube.com/；看v=tiFvByf1CQ</a><p>10ghz指向我翻转的四分之一硬币正下方，并允许其降落在表面<p><a href=“https://；/；www.youtube.com/！watch？v=8riretP8ylE”rel=“nofollow”>https:///；www.youtube.com/；看v=8riretP8ylE</a><p>10ghz指向表面上的四分之一旋转<p><a href=“https://；/；www.youtube.com/！watch？v=5lnYvJoxRak”rel=“nofollow”>https:///；www.youtube.com/；看v=5lnYvJoxRak</a><p>对来自旋转表面的信号进行梳状滤波真的很酷<p> 亚马逊上的10ghz模块-<a href=“https://；/；www.amazon.com/：HiLetgo-Microwave-Detector-Wireless-10-525GHz/，dp/！B01N6AIF1L”rel=“nofollow”>https:///；www.amazon.com/；HiLetgo-微波检测器-无线-1</a>
throwup238: This is great.<p>It’s the last piece I needed for my suburban missile guidance system! This will be the last year the Joneses survive the annual block party.<p>Can you do phased array radars next? I need the extra precision. There’s a few neighbors who don’t clean up after their dogs…
throwup238: 这太棒了<p> 这是我郊区导弹制导系统所需要的最后一件！这将是琼斯夫妇在年度街区派对上的最后一年<p> 你接下来会做相控阵雷达吗？我需要额外的精度。有几个邻居不收拾他们的狗…
auspiv: Incredible work. Crazy that this could be done by a single person. Stick it on a rotating pedestal and you've got a planar radar detector. Add some tilt and then it's not much different than aircraft/weather radar I suppose.<p>The cost (in $LOCAL_CURRENCY, or $570 according to another comment) isn't great but I can only imagine how many hours this took.<p>Given a proper budget, the sky is the limit.<p>Anyone know how .mil aircraft would interpret being tracked by a 6 GHz radar build by a civilian(yes I am aware that his estimated max distance is 1200m, assume he increased that by a factor of 10 with larger antennas or something)?
auspiv: 不可思议的工作。一个人就能完成这件事真是太疯狂了。把它粘在旋转的底座上；我有一个平面雷达探测器。添加一些倾斜，然后；s与飞行器；我想是天气雷达<p> 成本（在$LOCAL_CURRENCY中，或者根据另一评论为$570）是；不太好，但我只能想象这花了多少个小时<p> 如果有适当的预算，天空就是极限<p> 有人知道.mil飞机会如何被民用6 GHz雷达跟踪（是的，我知道他估计的最大距离是1200米，假设他用更大的天线或其他东西将其增加了10倍）？
amanda99: The Finns strike again. Just the depth and number of different areas of expertise is insane to me. It seems he planned it all out, had it printed in China, and then 1/2 of the boards actually worked. That's like building a whole backend+frontend app and hoping it works after a month of coding on startup.
amanda99: 芬兰人再次发动进攻。仅仅是不同专业领域的深度和数量对我来说就太疯狂了。似乎他把这一切都计划好了，在中国印刷，然后1/F；其中2块板实际工作。那个；I’我喜欢构建一个完整的后端+前端应用程序，并希望它在启动一个月的编码后能正常工作。
belzebalex: This is incredible.<p>I've wanted to thank the author for a while for his past articles [1][2] which have been a wonderful source of information when working on my sonar systems [3]. This article again explains really well a complicated topic. Please, keep up the great work!<p>[1]: <a href="https://hforsten.com/radar-phase-measurements.html" rel="nofollow">https://hforsten.com/radar-phase-measurements.html</a><p>[2]: <a href="https://hforsten.com/6-ghz-frequency-modulated-radar.html" rel="nofollow">https://hforsten.com/6-ghz-frequency-modulated-radar.html</a><p>[3]: <a href="https://twitter.com/alextoussss/status/1756371553460121766" rel="nofollow">https://twitter.com/alextoussss/status/1756371553460121766</a>
belzebalex: 这太不可思议了<p> I-；我想感谢作者过去的文章[1][2]，这些文章在研究我的声纳系统[3]时提供了极好的信息来源。这篇文章再次很好地解释了一个复杂的话题。请继续努力<p> [1]：<a href=“https://；/；hforsten.comȏ；雷达相位测量.html”rel=“nofollow”>https:///；hforsten.com/；雷达相位测量.html/；hforsten.com/；6-ghz频率调制雷达.html</a><p>[3]：<a href=“https://；/；twitter.comȏ；alextoussss/，status/：1756371553460121766”rel=“nofollow”>https:///；twitter；alextoussss/；status；1756371553460121766</a>