【Hacker News搬运】为什么弱核力是短程的

[hackernews]

Title: Why the weak nuclear force is short range

为什么弱核力是短程的

Text:

hn link

Url: https://profmattstrassler.com/articles-and-posts/particle-physics-basics/the-astonishing-standard-model/why-the-weak-nuclear-force-is-short-range/

很抱歉，由于我无法直接访问互联网，因此无法使用JinaReader或其他工具来抓取和分析您提供的链接内容。不过，我可以根据您提供的链接和一般知识来尝试总结一下该文章的内容。

该链接指向的是Prof. Matt Strassler的博客文章，标题为《惊人的标准模型：为什么弱核力是短程的》。以下是基于该标题和一般物理知识的总结：

弱核力是四种基本相互作用之一，它负责某些类型的放射性衰变和粒子物理中的某些过程。以下是对文章内容的总结：

1. **弱核力的定义**：弱核力是基本相互作用之一，与强核力和电磁力不同，它非常弱，但与引力相比则要强得多。

2. **短程性的原因**：弱核力的作用范围非常短，大约只有10^-18米，这比原子核的尺度还要小。这种短程性是由于弱核力交换的粒子——W和Z玻色子——的质量非常大。

3. **质量与短程性的关系**：根据相对论，粒子的质量与其能量相关。质量大的粒子在传播时会产生更强烈的引力效应，这导致它们的作用范围更短。W和Z玻色子因为质量大，所以它们的作用范围有限。

4. **对称性与破缺**：在粒子物理学中，对称性是描述物理定律的一种方式。弱核力在所谓的“对称性破缺”下表现出短程性。这意味着在某些条件下，这种力看起来是统一的，但在其他条件下则表现出短程性。

5. **实验证据**：实验物理学家已经通过观察中微子衰变和其他弱相互作用过程，提供了关于弱核力短程性的证据。

请注意，这只是一个基于文章标题和一般物理知识的总结。要获取文章的详细内容和Prof. Matt Strassler的深入解释，您需要阅读原文。如果您需要将非中文内容翻译成中文，您可以使用在线翻译工具或服务来完成这项工作。

Post by: sohkamyung

Comments:

metacritic12: Doesn't this "explanation" just shift the question to what is stiffness? Like it refactored the question but didn't actually explain it.<p>Previously, we had statement "the weak force is short range". In order to explain it, we had to invent a new concept "stiffness" that is treated as a primitive and not explained in terms of other easy primitives, and then we get to "accurately" say that the weak force is short due to stiffness.<p>I grant the OP that stiffness might be hard to explain, but then why not just say "the weak force is short range -- and just take that as an axiom for now".

metacritic12: 不会；这不是&quot；解释&quot；把问题转移到什么是僵硬？喜欢它重构了问题，但没有；实际上，我无法解释。<p>此前，我们曾发表声明&quot；弱力是短程的”；。为了解释这一点，我们不得不发明一个新概念&quot；刚度”；这被视为一个原语，而不是用其他简单的原语来解释，然后我们得到&quot；准确&quot；假设由于刚度，弱力很短<p> 我同意OP的观点，僵硬可能很难解释，但为什么不干脆说&quot；弱力是短程的，现在就把它当作公理&quot；。

somat: There is an interesting video essay by the Huygens Optics channel where some simulations of these field effects are considered.<p>Turning Waves Into Particles <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tMP5Pbx8I4s" rel="nofollow">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tMP5Pbx8I4s</a><p>And if unfamiliar, that channel constantly delivers high quality thought provoking content on the nature of light.

somat: 惠更斯光学频道有一篇有趣的视频文章，其中考虑了这些场效应的一些模拟<p> 将波动转化为粒子<a href=“https:&#x2F；www.youtube.com/ watch？v=tMP5Pbx8I4s”rel=“nofollow”>https:&#x2F；www.youtube.com；看？v=tMP5Pbx8I4s</a><p>如果不熟悉，该频道会不断提供关于光本质的高质量发人深省的内容。

Timwi: What makes me skeptical here is that the author claims that fields have a property that is necessary to explain this, and yet physicists have not given that property a name, so he has to invent one (“stiffness”). If the quantity appears in equations, I find it hard to believe that it was never given a name. Can anyone in the field of physics elucidate?

Timwi: 让我怀疑的是，作者声称场有一个解释这一点所必需的性质，但物理学家还没有给这个性质起名字，所以他必须发明一个（“刚度”）。如果这个量出现在方程式中，我很难相信它从未被命名。物理学领域的任何人都能阐明吗？

jagrsw: If we wanted to model the universe as a set of equations or a cellular automaton, how complex would that program be?<p>Could a competent software engineer, even without knowing the fundamental origins of things like particle masses or the fine-structure constant, capture all known fundamental interactions in code?<p>I guess I'm trying to figure out the complexity of the task of universe creation, assuming the necessary computational power exists. For example, could it be a computer science high school project for the folks in the parent universe (simulation hypothesis). I know that's a tough question

jagrsw: 如果我们想把宇宙建模为一组方程或细胞自动机，这个程序有多复杂<p> 一个称职的软件工程师，即使不知道粒子质量或精细结构常数等事物的基本起源，也能在代码中捕捉到所有已知的基本相互作用吗<p> 我想我；我试图弄清楚宇宙创造任务的复杂性，假设存在必要的计算能力。例如，它是否可能是父母宇宙中人们的计算机科学高中项目（模拟假设）。我知道；这是一个很难回答的问题：）

aidenn0: It seems to me that there is a 1:1 correlation between mass of virtual particle and field stiffness. Given that fact, why isn't it equally correct to say "The field stiffness is caused by the mass of the virtual particle" and "The virtual particle necessarily has mas because the field is stiff"<p>The author states that "it is short range because the particles that “mediate” the force, the W and Z bosons, have mass;" is misleading as to causality, but I missed the part where they showed how/why it was misleading.

aidenn0: 在我看来，虚粒子的质量和场刚度之间存在1:1的相关性。鉴于这一事实，为什么不是；说&quot；不是同样正确吗；场刚度是由虚拟粒子的质量引起的；以及&quot；虚拟粒子必然具有mas，因为场是刚性的<p> 提交人说：&quot；它是短程的，因为“介导”力的粒子，即W和Z玻色子，具有质量&“；在因果关系方面具有误导性，但我错过了他们展示如何；为什么它具有误导性。